Body Shape Changes and Increasing Three-Dimensionality among Obese Korean Women Aged 30∼49 : Evidence from the 6th to 8th Size Korea Surveys
30∼40대 비만 여성의 체형 변화 연구 : 사이즈코리아 6차·7차·8차 자료를 중심으로
차수정 Sujoung Cha
30(4) 1-18, 2026
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.1
차수정 Sujoung Cha
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.1
Abstract
This study examined changes in body shape and trends toward increasing three-dimensionality among obese women in their 30s and 40s using the 6th (2010), 7th (2015), and 8th (2020) Size Korea three-dimensional (3D) anthropometric datasets. Height, length, circumference, thickness, and width measurements, body mass index (BMI), upper- and lower-body type indices, and regional flatness ratios were compared. The results showed that stature increased significantly across the survey rounds, indicating overall body enlargement. Circumferences of the bust, waist, hip, thigh, and knee also increased, with particularly large gains in the waist and hip regions, suggesting that obesity was concentrated in the trunk and lower body. Thickness and width dimensions increased as well, especially in the bust, waist, and hip regions. Whereas bust flatness remained relatively stable, the waist and hip flatness ratios declined, indicating greater frontback body depth and more pronounced three-dimensional body contours. Morrison’s relational deviation diagram further confirmed simultaneous increases in height, girth, and body depth. These findings suggest that the body shapes of obese women have shifted toward larger and more voluminous forms over time. The results offer practical implications for improving ready-to-wear sizing systems, developing body-shape-specific plus-size patterns, and enhancing 3D virtual fitting systems.
Key Words
anthropometric characteristics, body shape change, obese women, Size Korea, three-dimensional body shape 인체측정 특성, 체형변화, 비만 여성, 사이즈코리아, 입체적 체형
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A Study on the Narrative Characteristics of Sustainable Fashion Design in Hodakova
브랜드 호다코바(Hodakova)의 지속 가능 패션디자인에 나타난 시각적 내러티브 연구
이지현 Jihyun Lee
30(4) 19-33, 2026
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.19
이지현 Jihyun Lee
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.19
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the visual narrative characteristics found in the sustainable fashion design of the brand Hodakova. Recently, sustainable fashion has expanded beyond environmental practice to become a form of visual expression that conveys emotions, memories, and brand identity. Hodakova, founded by the Swedish designer Ellen Hodakova Larsson, has attracted international attention for transforming discarded objects and vintage materials into experimental and artistic fashion designs. Rather than treating upcycling as simple reuse, the brand reconstructs everyday objects into garments imbued with symbolic and narrative meanings. This study employed a qualitative research method based on a literature review and case analysis, focusing on Hodakova’s collections from its 2021 fall/winter (F/W) debut collection to the 2026 F/W collection. Collection images and related brand materials were examined in relation to sustainable fashion design and visual narrative. The results show that the visual narrative characteristics of Hodakova’s sustainable fashion design can be categorized into four aspects: temporality and memory, reconstruction through object transformation, emotional experience, and the symbolic narrative of sustainability. Hodakova’s works preserve the traces and textures embedded in discarded objects while recontextualizing functional objects, such as bags, boots, instruments, and tableware, into new garment structures. In addition, handmade production processes and an atelier-like sensibility evoke emotional and sensory experiences. Sustainability is expressed not only as an ecological practice but also as an aesthetic value and a philosophical attitude. Accordingly, this study is significant in that it interprets sustainable fashion design from the perspective of visual narrative.
Key Words
Hodakova, sustainable fashion design, visual narrative, upcycling 호다코바, 지속 가능 패션디자인, 시각적 내러티브, 업사이클링
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Color VMD in Fashion Flagship Stores and Its Effects on Consumers’ Visual Attention and Brand Attitude : An Eye-Tracking Experiment
패션 플래그십 스토어 색채 VMD와 소비자 시각적 주의 및 브랜드 태도 : 아이트래킹 실험 연구
이수연 Sooyeun Lee , 이승희 Seunghee Lee
30(4) 34-55, 2026
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.34
이수연 Sooyeun Lee , 이승희 Seunghee Lee
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.34
Abstract
This study examined the relationships among color visual merchandising (VMD), consumers’ visual attention, and brand attitude in fashion flagship stores. An eye-tracking experiment was conducted using 3D-rendered virtual store stimuli that represented three color conditions: color contrast, color temperature, and color emphasis. Of the 35 women in their 20s and 30s who were recruited, 33 were included in the final analysis. Fixation duration served as the primary measure of visual attention and revisit count as a supplementary measure, and brand attitude was then assessed in a post-experiment survey. Paired-samples t-tests showed that fixation duration was significantly longer in the color temperature condition than in its control condition, whereas no significant differences were found for the color contrast or color emphasis conditions. Revisit count was not significantly associated with brand attitude. At the participant level, Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between mean fixation duration and mean brand attitude, each averaged across the three experimental color conditions (r = .446, p = .009). An exploratory analysis also showed that brand attitude differed among the three experimental color conditions. Taken together, these findings suggest that consumers’ visual attention and brand evaluation may differ depending on the color configurations presented in fashion retail environments.
Key Words
fashion flagship store, color VMD, visual attention, brand attitude, eye-tracking 패션 플래그십 스토어, 색채 vmd, 시각적 주의, 브랜드 태도, 아이트래킹
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The Evolution of Fashion Technology Discourse in the Global Fashion Industry: 2017-2026
2017-2026년 글로벌 패션산업의 패션테크 담론 변화 분석
강영훈 Yeonghoon Kang
30(4) 56-72, 2026
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.56
강영훈 Yeonghoon Kang
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.56
Abstract
This study investigated how fashion technology discourse has evolved within the global fashion industry. To this end, text mining analyses were conducted on The State of Fashion reports published between 2017 and 2026. The analyses included term frequency, term frequencyinverse document frequency (TF-IDF), first-occurrence analysis, co-appearance analysis, and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling. The results revealed that fashion technology discourse evolved through three major stages. First, during 20172021, discussions centered on digital transformation and platform-based retail, with digitalization, e-commerce, and omnichannel emerging as dominant themes. Second, during 20222023, Web3-related technologies, including NFT and metaverse, gained prominence, while the digital product passport emerged alongside increasing attention to product traceability, the circular economy, and supply chain resilience. Third, during 20242026, AI and generative AI became the dominant topics, while agentic AI appeared as a new concept, indicating diversification within AI-related discussions. In addition, digitalization, e-commerce, omnichannel, personalization, supply chain, and circularity appeared throughout the study period. Among these, supply chain and circularity remained recurring themes, reflecting structural concerns regarding supply chain management, resource circulation, and sustainability. These findings demonstrate that fashion technology discourse in the global fashion industry has shifted from digital commerce and platform innovation to Web3 technologies and, more recently, to AI-driven services and content creation. This study contributes to the literature by providing a longitudinal analysis of fashion technology discourse and by offering insights into the technological transformation of the fashion industry from digitalization to data-driven and AI-enabled innovation.
Key Words
fashion technology, fashion industry, text mining, discourse analysis, 패션테크, 패션 산업, 텍스트 마이닝, 담론 분석
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Cross-National Differences in Creator Storytelling in Fashion Crowdfunding Projects: A Text-Mining Analysis of Successful Project Stories in the U.S. and South Korea
크라우드펀딩 패션 프로젝트에 나타난 창작자 스토리텔링의 국가 간 차이 연구: 한·미 성공 프로젝트 스토리의 텍스트 마이닝 분석을 중심으로
안효선 Hyosun An , 황지영 Jiyoung Hwang , 장혜준 Hyejoon Jang , 박민정 Minjung Park
30(4) 73-87, 2026
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.73
안효선 Hyosun An , 황지영 Jiyoung Hwang , 장혜준 Hyejoon Jang , 박민정 Minjung Park
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.73
Abstract
Using text mining, this study analyzed the apparel design vocabulary in successful reward-based crowdfunding fashion project stories in the United States and South Korea, applying the Functional, Expressive, and Aesthetic (FEA) apparel design framework (Lamb & Kallal, 1992) as a theoretical lens. A total of 3,797 successful fashion projects were collected from four major crowdfunding platforms Kickstarter, Indiegogo, Wadiz, and Tumblbug and project story texts were examined using frequency analysis, degree centrality analysis, and co-occurrence network analysis. The results revealed three key findings. First, jackets had the highest average funding amount and longest average story length in both countries and were therefore selected as the focal item for in-depth analysis. Second, the design attribute vocabulary emphasized in jacket project stories differed markedly between the two countries. In the United States, functional vocabulary including fabric, water, warm, and comfort dominated the semantic network, whereas in South Korea, visual and material design vocabulary centered on size, leather, color, and design was predominant. Third, when interpreted through the FEA framework, these differences suggest that U.S. creators prioritized functional design attributes in their storytelling, whereas South Korean creators placed greater emphasis on aesthetic attributes, pointing to country-specific differences in creator storytelling in fashion crowdfunding. This study extends the application of the FEA framework to digital fashion entrepreneurship and provides exploratory evidence of differences in the design attributes emphasized in creator storytelling on U.S. and South Korean crowdfunding platforms.
Key Words
crowdfunding, fashion project, FEA apparel design attributes, storytelling, text mining 크라우드펀딩, 패션 프로젝트, FEA 의류 디자인 속성, 스토리텔링, 텍스트 마이닝
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Proposed Guidelines for Developing Adaptive Clothing for People with Intellectual Disabilities
지적장애인을 위한 어댑티브 의복 개발 지침 제언
장경윤 Jingrui Zhang , 서승희 Seunghee Suh
30(4) 88-108, 2026
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.88
장경윤 Jingrui Zhang , 서승희 Seunghee Suh
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.88
Abstract
This study proposes guidelines for developing adaptive clothing for people with intellectual disabilities, focusing on clothing problems related to fastening operation, fit, orientation identification, material contact, irritation from garment details, and care. A qualitative focus group interview (FGI) was conducted with six graduate students specializing in fashion design and clothing construction over two 180-minute sessions. The first session generated design alternatives through brainstorming, and the second reviewed these alternatives using a morphological chart and six core design attributes: ease of operation, structural suitability, cognitive intuitiveness, material comfort, low irritation, and ease of care. Directed content analysis was then used to reorganize the evaluated alternatives into five garment design elements. Accordingly, the results provide development guidelines for fastening systems, garment structure and fit, materials, color and pattern, and garment details. Specifically, the guidelines address reduced alignment and manipulation demands, seated coverage, gait safety, localized pressure, localized volume increase, waist fit, neckline stability, low-irritation materials, stretch and moisture-management applications, antistatic and soil-release applications, color-based orientation cues, reduced visibility of soiling, front identification marks, tagless printed labels, low-profile seams, and reinforcement at high-wear areas. These findings offer component-based criteria for future prototype development and user evaluation.
Key Words
adaptive clothing, people with intellectual disabilities, focus group interview, garment design elements, clothing development guidelines, 어댑티브 의복, 지적장애인, 포커스 그룹 인터뷰, 의복 디자인 구성 요소, 의복 개발 지침
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Changing Patterns of Clothing Expenditure among Elderly Households in South Korea, 20062025
한국 노인가구의 의복비 지출 변화: 20062025년
이미영 Miyoung Lee
30(4) 109-120, 2026
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.109
이미영 Miyoung Lee
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.109
Abstract
As population aging accelerates in South Korea, understanding changes in the consumption of elderly households has become increasingly important. This study examines changes in clothing expenditure among elderly households between 2006 and 2025 using microdata from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey. Clothing expenditure includes spending on clothing and footwear, and elderly households are those in which all members are aged 65 or older. The study compares clothing expenditure between elderly and non-elderly households and applies the OaxacaBlinder decomposition, using the percentile rank of clothing expenditure as the outcome variable, to identify the sources of the expenditure gap. The gap is decomposed into components attributable to income, household size, and a remaining component not explained by these variables. The share of elderly households increased from 9.8% in 2006 to 22.9% in 2025. Although elderly households continued to spend less on clothing than non-elderly households, their clothing expenditure relative to that of non-elderly households increased from 22.2% to 36.9%. The gap in the percentile rank of clothing expenditure also narrowed from 36.0 points to 23.4 points. The decomposition showed that the narrowing was accounted for primarily by a reduction in the income-related component, with smaller reductions in the household-size and unexplained components. These findings suggest that population aging should not be viewed solely as a factor associated with reduced clothing demand. Elderly households represent a changing consumer segment with diverse clothing needs, with implications for fashion market segmentation and product development.
Key Words
elderly households, clothing expenditure, population aging, Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, household expenditure, 노인가구, 의복비, 인구 고령화, Oaxaca-Blinder 분해, 가구 지출
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Discourse Structures across Consumption Categories and Their Associations with the Exchange Rate during the High Exchange Rate Period: Focusing on Fashion & Beauty
고환율 시기 소비영역별 뉴스 담론 구조와 환율 관련성: 패션·뷰티 영역을 중심으로
김은지 Eunji Kim , 이규혜 Kyu-hye Lee
30(4) 121-142, 2026
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.121
김은지 Eunji Kim , 이규혜 Kyu-hye Lee
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.121
Abstract
The USD/KRW exchange rate has remained elevated since 2022. Focusing on Fashion & Beauty, this study compared news discourse on high exchange rates across consumption categories and its association with the exchange rate. News articles containing the Korean term for "high exchange rate"(gohwanyul) published between January 2022 and April 2026 were collected from BigKinds, and 13,919 consumption-related articles were classified into four categories: Essential Consumption, Dining & Services, Travel & Tourism, and Fashion & Beauty. TF-IDF, semantic network analysis, CONCOR, and multidimensional scaling (MDS) were applied, and discourse was compared before and after January 2025, when the exchange rate rose further. Pearson and lag correlations with the monthly exchange rate were also examined. Essential Consumption and Dining & Services centered on prices and cost burdens, and Travel & Tourism on travel demand and costs, whereas Fashion & Beauty centered on corporate outlook, exports, and distribution, with duty-free and airport retail becoming more prominent after January 2025. Monthly article counts were positively correlated with the exchange rate in all categories, whereas category shares were negatively correlated for Essential Consumption, positively correlated for Travel & Tourism and Fashion & Beauty, and not significantly correlated for Dining & Services. Correlations peaked at Lag 0 or Lag 1 depending on the category, but were not significant in ARIMAX models using first-differenced series. The findings indicate that high-exchange-rate discourse differs across categories mainly in content and structure, and that Fashion & Beauty are discussed as industry and distribution issues rather than consumer price issues.
Key Words
high exchange rates, consumption discourse, news big data, semantic network analysis, fashion & beauty 고환율, 소비 담론, 뉴스 빅데이터, 의미연결망 분석, 패션·뷰티
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The Characteristics Expressed in Fashion Window Design of Seiko House Ginza Wako
세이코 하우스 긴자 와코의 패션윈도우 디자인에 나타난 특징
허승연 Seungyeun Heo
30(4) 143-156, 2026
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.143
허승연 Seungyeun Heo
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.143
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of fashion window design at Seiko House Ginza Wako and to explore its direction for sustainable fashion retail space design. The study examined 140 fashion window displays presented on the Wako website between 2008 and 2025 through literature review and empirical analysis. The findings reveal that the fashion windows construct artistic visual narratives by employing one-character themes rooted in Eastern philosophy together with various design types centered on surrealistic expression. In addition, the organic composition of expression techniques, objects, composition, color, mannequins, and fashion items consistently visualizes the brand identity and thematic concepts, emphasizing symbolic meaning and spatial experience rather than the functional presentation of products. Furthermore, the intrinsic characteristics of the fashion window designs were identified as sustainable rarity value, locality-oriented artistic expression, inclusive synesthesia, and transitional publicity. These findings indicate that the fashion windows of Wako function as a visual medium that embodies brand identity and as a spatial communication strategy integrating commercial value, artistic expression, locality, and sustainability.
Key Words
eastern philosophy, fashion window design, intrinsic characteristics, Seiko House Ginza Wako, thematic language aesthetics 동양 철학, 패션 윈도우 디자인, 내적 특성, 세이코 하우스 긴자 와코, 테마 언어 미학
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The Factors Influencing the Adoption of Fashion Recommerce Shopping: Focused on Digital Shopping Index, Sharing Economy Perception and Imitative Consumption Sensitivity
패션 리커머스(recommerce) 쇼핑 채택에 영향을 미치는 요인: 디지털 쇼핑지수, 공유경제 인식, 모방소비 민감도를 중심으로
김주희 Juhee Kim
30(4) 157-170, 2026
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.157
김주희 Juhee Kim
DOI:10.12940/jfb.2026.30.4.157
Abstract
This study analyzed how the digital shopping index, sharing economy perception, and imitative consumption sensitivity influence the adoption of fashion recommerce shopping. A survey was conducted with 201 men and women in their 20s in the Gyeonggi region. Data were analyzed in SPSS 26.0 using factor analysis with varimax rotation, reliability testing, multiple regression analysis, t-tests, and one-way ANOVA. The main results were as follows. First, factor analysis yielded two factors for recommerce shopping adoption (C2C and B2C recommerce), three for the digital shopping index (digital shopping risk perception, digital shopping platform utilization, and digital shopping content), two for sharing economy perception (sharing economy value and sharing economy risk), and three for imitative consumption sensitivity (unconscious, impulsive, and conscious consumption). Second, the digital shopping index significantly influenced recommerce shopping adoption, with digital shopping platform utilization exerting the greatest influence. Third, sharing economy perception significantly influenced recommerce shopping adoption, with sharing economy value having a greater impact than sharing economy risk. Fourth, imitative consumption sensitivity significantly influenced recommerce shopping adoption: unconscious sensitivity had a greater influence on C2C recommerce, whereas impulsive sensitivity had a greater influence on B2C recommerce. Fifth, among general consumer characteristics, B2C recommerce differed significantly by gender, average monthly personal allowance, and average monthly fashion expenditure, but not by shopping frequency.
Key Words
fashion recommerce shopping, digital shopping index, sharing economy perception, imitative consumption sensitivity 패션 리커머스 쇼핑, 디지털 쇼핑지수, 공유경제 인식, 모방소비민감도
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